European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

A REVIEW ARTICLE ON CONVENTIONAL AND NOVEL DRUGS USED IN TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION

Yash S. Raghuwanshi* and Monika J. Jadhao

ABSTRACT

Most patients who develop primary hypertension are treated with medications despite lifestyle changes. For providers, determining when to start medications can be confusing as guidelines frequently change and determining which medication to start can also be challenging. In general, medication is initiated after assessing a patient’s risk for developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease using risk calculators as well as their medical comorbidities. Target blood pressure, time for follow-up, and initial medication(s) vary among patients. First-line agents include thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers. Second-line agents include beta-blockers, diuretics, alpha-1 antagonists, alpha-2 agonists, and direct-acting vasodilators. It is important to note that not all classes of blood pressure-lowering medications are considered equal and each patient’s unique medical comorbidities should always be taken into account before initiating treatment. These medications have their own respective side effects and contraindications that providers should be aware of so that they can monitor for adverse reactions as well as council their patients. Over the years it has been observed that some patient are not getting treated with the conventional drugs used for cure. So with the advancement in medical research some new methods/combinations or new individual drugs have been developed and some are being developed to treat the patient. This new types of drugs/methods includes:- New Aldosterone Antagonist, polypill, Mictario, Fimsartan Combinations etc. These have been discussed further.

Keywords: Atherosclerotic, Co- morbidities, Predisposition, Accentuates, Hyponatremia, Mineralocorticoid, Natriuresis, Neprilysin, Urodilatin, Orthostatic, Ambulatory.