European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

ASSESSMENT OF CELL MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSE IN CORONARY HEART DISEASE USING SERUM ADENOSINE DEAMINASE ACTIVITY.

Sangita M. Patil*, Mangesh. P. Bankar, Ramchandra K. Padalkar, Abhijit P. Pathak, Sonali S. Bhagat, Rahul A. Ghone and Dhananjay V. Andure

ABSTRACT

Coronary heart disease is the major killer disease worldwide. Atherosclerosis is considered as the main cause of the disease. Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial, multistep disease that engrosses chronic inflammation at every step. Earlier studies suggested that, immunological responses contributing to inflammation play a vital role in plaque rupture and thrombosis causing stroke. Present study was one such attempt to estimate the level of adenosine deaminase activity as an immunoenzyme marker with additional enzymatic biomarkers like lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase in coronary heart disease like stable angina, unstable angina and myocardial infarction. In the present case-control study, 55 patients with stable angina, 100 patients with unstable angina and 110 patients with myocardial infarction (age range 26 to 75) and 120 age and sex matched healthy controls were recruited. Serum adenosine deaminase activity was evaluated by Gusti and Galanti method using digital spectrophotometer. Serum lactate dehydrogenase was measured by Optimized DGKC, Kinetic Assay and aspartate aminotransferase was estimated by modified UV kinetic assay using semiautoanalyser. Values were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Comparisons of study groups and study groups to control group were done by applying Z test. ANOVA test and Tukey-Kramer test of multiple comparisons were applied to compare all groups together in respect to all parameters under study. Serum adenosine deaminase level was increased significantly (p<0.01) and serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase along with aspartate transaminases were enhanced significantly (p<0.01) in all types of coronary heart disease as compared with healthy controls. By applying one way ANOVA test, (value of ‘F’ = 499.52 p<0.01) and Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison test (p<0.01), the means of the mean values of enzymatic status in all types of coronary heart disease and controls were significantly differs by chance. In present study, elevated adenosine deaminase activity had seen in all types of coronary heart disease than healthy controls. Adenosine deaminase levels are elevated whenever cell mediated immunity is stimulated. Thus adenosine deaminase may be an important immunoenzyme marker in assessing the cell mediated immuno response in coronary heart disease for better management and for developing new treatment strategies. Mean serum lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were superior in stable angina, unstable angina and myocardial infarction than healthy controls. Lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase can be used as biomarkers along with recent cardiac biomarkers, in diagnosis and prognosis in coronary heart disease.

Keywords: Coronary heart disease, Stable angina, Myocardial infarction, Unstable angina, Adenosine deaminase, Lactate dehydrogenase and Aspartate aminotransferases.