European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

PREVALENCE OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES AND EVALUATION OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION RISK INTENSITY BASED ON CARDIAC BIOMARKERS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

G. Sri Ramya Jyothi*, Dr. Uzma Samreen, Mohammed Safi Ur Rahman, Sumaiya Tabassum, Syed Muneb Ahmed and Dr. Rajesh Chalakalapalli, Dr. S P Srinivas Nayak

ABSTRACT

An observational study was carried out among patients admitted to the cardiology department of tertiary care hospital, for a duration of 15 months, 157 patients from June 2020 to September 2021. Our study aimed to determine the most common cardiovascular disease in various age groups and discover the risk intensity of myocardial infarction by assessing the levels of cardiovascular biomarkers. A total of 160 case sheets were analyzed, out of which male patients (113 subjects) were found to have a higher rate of cardiovascular disease when compared to females (44 subjects). Most patients belonged to the age groups of 41-50 years (61 patients) and 51-60 years (57 patients). CAD was most prevalent with or without other cardiac and other disease conditions, CAD 118 subjects (67%), NSTEMI 65 (55%), Unstable Angina 54 subjects (46%) & ACS 39 subjects (33%). A comparison of Cardiac biomarkers based on the risk of MI was evaluated and the patient risk intensity was categorized and scored as Mild, Moderate, and Severe. In our study 23 patients were found to have an increased risk of MI as such a Severe score was adopted, 71 patients were found to have a moderate Risk of MI and, 24 patients were found to have a low or Mild risk of MI. The calculation of comparison between Mild, Moderate, and Severe was carried out by the average mean of each cardiac biomarker & compared to the standard normal value of it (biomarker), through which the accurate risk of MI and further, can categorize its intensity level as Mild, Moderate & Severe. Total 10 parameters were considered, as follows, PTT (p<0.0001*), Aptt (p<0.0001) *, INR(p=0.047) *, Troponin (p= 0.0307) *, CRP (p=0.0097) *, ProBNP (<0.0001) *, Serum Calcium(p=0.083), Serum Sodium(p=0.0344) *, Serum Potassium(p=0.1402), Serum Creatinine (p=0.1209). On performing the statistical analysis of PTT, Aptt, INR, Troponin, CRP, Pro-BNP, and Serum Sodium, were having a p-value < 0.05 (statistically significant), and Serum Calcium, Serum Potassium, and Serum Creatinine were having p-value > 0.05 (statistically insignificant). Hence, according to our study, only 7 cardiac biomarkers are standard for measuring the risk of MI in patients, conveying CAD is the most prevalent condition and the other 3 were disregarded.

Keywords: Prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, Myocardial infarction, cardiac biomarkers.