European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL ANALYSIS OF SPONDIAS MOMBIN LINN. EXTRACTS ON CARIOGENIC ORGANISMS

Tochukwu Uju Obi*, Michael Uchenna Orji and Onyekachukwu Izuchukwu Udemezue

ABSTRACT

Caries, oral-mucosal and periodontal diseases are the most prevalent oral health problems globally. They are prevalent in all ages, demographic and socioeconomic groups. Due to the high prevalence of oral diseases and increased microbial resistance to antibiotics, there is need for alternative methods of oral diseases management. Phytochemicals isolated from plants, which are used in traditional medicines, are considered to be safe and effective alternatives compared to synthetic chemicals. This study was aimed at analyzing the phytochemicals and antimicrobial potentials of Spondias mombin linn. extracts on cariogenic organisms. The cariogenic organisms were isolated from dental lesions of carious patients attending Enugu dental clinic, Enugu State, Southeastern Nigeria using standard microbiological and molecular diagnostic methods. Methanolic, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the leaf and stem-bark of Spondias mombin linn. were used for the analysis. Agar-well and disc diffusion methods were used to determine the antimicrobial sensitivities of these agents on the isolates. Phytochemical analysis of leaf and stem-bark of Spondias mombin linn. shows the presence of dihydrocytisine, ammodendrine, spartein, sapogenin, naringenin, cardiac glycoside, tannin, epihendrine, kaempferol, ribalinidine, anthocyanin, flavones, catechin, flavonones, aphylidine, oxalate, proathocyanidin, steroid, phytate and cynogenic glycoside. The isolates were Klebsiella pneumoniae strain kp1804, Enterobacter cloacae strain D4skcTm4, Bacillus subtilis strain A7, Staphylococcus sciuri strain Ty-42, Escherichia coli strain m-196-3 and Candida albicans AMA12. The MIC and MBC ranged from 25mg/ml and 12.5mg/ml to 12.5mg/ml and 6.25 mg/ml. The study revealed that Spondias mombin linn. leaf and stem-bark extracts could serve as good alternative to conventional antimicrobial agents in the treatment of oral diseases especially dental caries.

Keywords: Oral diseases, Cariogenic, Phytochemicals, Antimicrobials.