INVESTIGATION ON DEXTEROUS REMOVAL OF FLUORIDE FROM WATER AND WASTEWATER USING CHINA CLAY AS CHEAPER, ABUNDANT AND EASILY AVAILABLE LOW COST ADSORBENT
Dr. Radhey Shyam, *Dr. Surekha Kannaujia and Dr. Sonu Dwivedi
ABSTRACT
Exposure to fluoride beyond the recommended level for longer duration causes both dental and skeletal fluorosis. Thus, the development of cost- effective, locally available and environmentally low cost adsorbents for fluoride removal from contaminated water sources is absolutely required. In the present study, China clay, locally available in Patharghatt village of Bhagalpur district, Bihar (India), was used as an adsorbent for fluoride removal from aqueous solutions. Adsorption experiments were carried out by using batch adsorption technique. Effects of different parameters affecting efficiency of fluoride removal such as adsorbent dose, contact time, initial fluoride concentration and pH were investigated and optimized. The optimum adsorbent dose, contact time, initial fluoride concentration, and pH values were 25 g/L, 200 min, 10 mg/L, and 6.7 respectively. The performance of the adsorbent was also tested under optimum conditions using groundwater samples. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to describe the equilibrium data. Compared to Langmuir isotherm (R² = 0.90), the Freundlich isotherm (R²= 0.99) model was better fitted to describe the adsorption characteristics of fluoride on China clay. The Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity was 1.75 mg/g. The pseudo second-order model was found to be more suitable than the pseudo first order to describe the adsorption kinetics. The low correlation coefficient value of R² = 0.60 for the intra particle diffusion model indicates that the intra particle diffusion model does not apply to the present studied. The maximum fluoride removal was observed to be 90% under the optimum conditions,
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