CURRENT STRATEGY AND INTERVENTIONAL APPROACH FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF LATENT TB IN INDIA
Vikas Kumar Jain* and Dr. Anitha S. Pillai
ABSTRACT
Tuberculosis (TB) has evolved to be one of the major global public health challenges, infecting nearly one-fourth of the global population and killing approximately 1.5 million individuals, every year (WHO, 2018). Tuberculosis has been affecting humans for thousands of years and is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality (Hershkovitz I, 2015). In 2019, 7.1 million people were diagnosed to have TB, which was a rise from 7.0 million reported in 2018, globally. According to Global Tuberculosis Report, a total of 1.4 million people died from TB in 2019 (including 208000 people with HIV). India had the highest estimated incidence of 2.69 million and accounted for 26% of all TB cases reported, globally (WHO, 2018). The WHO End TB Strategy 2016-2035 has aimed at 3 main targets to be achieved by 2035. They are, 1) To reduce TB deaths by 95%, 2) To cut the incidence of TB by 90% between 2015 and 2035, and 3) To ensure that no family is burdened with catastrophic expenses due to TB (WHO End TB Strategy). Although, efforts to reduce the TB incidence rate have resulted in a decline in disease burden both globally and in India (Kyu et al, 2018). Children accounted for 12% (0.15 million) and adults for 88% (2.40 million) of people with TB infection in India from cases reported in both private and public sectors. In India, the number of people newly diagnosed with TB rose from 1.2 million to 2.2 million between 2013 and 2019 (+74%). There has been an increase seen in the number of cases reported because of increased and improved diagnostic practices.
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