European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

GLP-1 AGONISTS AND WEIGHT MANAGEMENT IN DIABETES: A CRITICAL REVIEW

Mehrab Manteghian*

ABSTRACT

Obesity is on the rise globally and is one of the most significant risk factors for non-communicable diseases. It is one of the primary causes of diabetes. Controlling body weight and managing diabetes may help prevent chronic ailments and even lead to their remission. Obesity is caused by specific lifestyle choices and, hence, best managed through lifestyle interventions. However, some obese individuals may benefit from pharmaceutical interventions. In recent years, anti-obesity pills have become quite popular, particularly GLP-1 agonists like liraglutide, semaglutide (Wegovy, Ozempic), and other GLP-1 agonists. Many people are now using these drugs as a primary way to fight obesity. However, it is vital to understand that lifestyle interventions like exercise and dietary measures must remain the prime way to counter obesity, and drug therapy must be used as an adjuvant. GLP-1 agonists are claimed to help lose 10-15% body weight in a year, or even more. However, the literature review shows that the real-life efficacy of these drugs is significantly lower than that claimed in clinical trials sponsored by drug manufacturers. Additionally, these medications commonly cause side effects. Though gastrointestinal distress remains the primary concern, there is increasing evidence that these drugs may cause more severe side effects. Studies suggest that they can significantly increase the risk of thyroid cancer. EMA is now even investigating these drugs for causing suicidal thoughts. Hence, medical practitioners must realize the health threat posed by excessive use of these drugs. This review advocates a paradigm shift towards promoting healthier lifestyles as the primary means of preventing and managing obesity and diabetes, ultimately reducing the burden of this growing global health crisis and considering GLP-1 agonists only in specific cases.

Keywords: GLP-1 Agonists, obesity, diabetes, liraglutide, semaglutide.